A research group including Professor INAGAKI Shigenori (Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University), Professor KUSUNOKI Fusako (Tama Art University) and Professor MIZOGUCHI Hiroshi (Tokyo University of Science) have developed an interactive system which encourages children to use their imagination while playing. The system encourages children to move around by projecting animated footprints of different animals on to a digitally augmented floor that react to the children’s movements. An evaluation experiment was carried out at Kobe University Elementary School, which revealed the effects of the different types of interaction offered by the system.

These research results were given advanced publication in the online version of the ‘International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction’ on September 10, 2021.

Main points

• There is a demand for interactive systems that can provide engaging play to children.
• However, there have been no studies that have aimed to improve a system by focusing on how it interacts with the user.
• In this study, the researchers developed an interactive floor projection system to provide children with engaging play, and then investigated the effects of different types of interaction.

Research Background

Play during infancy and early childhood develops children’s communication skills and emotional expression. For this reason, offering attractive play opportunities to children is an important social issue. To address this, an interactive system using floor projections that respond to the player’s movements was developed to provide children with appealing games.

Research Methodology

Aim:

This research aimed to create a system to offer highly appealing play to children. Focusing on how children interacted with the system, the researchers investigated the different effects that realistic interactions and unrealistic interactions had on children’s imagination and engagement.

Participants:

Twenty 3rd grade students and ten 4th grade students from Kobe University Elementary School participated in this research (14 boys and 16 girls).

Evaluation experiment:

To evaluate the system’s effectiveness, the researchers examined its effect on each element of engaging play (interest, imagination, attachment and immersion). Each participant played with animal footprints that were projected onto the floor in two separate experiments. These footprints responded to the player’s movements in one of two ways depending on the experiment session: realistic interactions (the footprints followed the player) or unrealistic interactions (the footprints avoided the player) (Figure 1).

Evaluation method:

The system was evaluated using a questionnaire and an eyetracker. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 20 questions related to the following categories: interest, imagination, attachment and immersion. For the answer to each question, participants could pick from a scale of 7 options (Likert scale). The participants filled out the questionnaires after taking part in each experiment (realistic or unrealistic interactions) (Figure 2). In addition, an eyetracker was used to measure the direction of each child’s gaze as they tried interacting with the footprints (Figure 3).

Results and conclusions:

Differences were found in the answers relating to the two types of interaction for each item on the questionnaire. These results indicate that unrealistic interactions have a tendency to stimulate children’s imaginations more than realistic interactions. The same correlation was also observed in the eye tracking results.

Further Research

The group is currently conducting research to combine multiple systems so that more children can play at the same time. They are aiming to better promote the social growth of children by implementing engaging systems that encourage children to play.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a KAKENHI grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. JP18H03660). The researchers would like to express their gratitude to Kobe University Elementary School (Hyogo, Japan) for their collaboration in the evaluation experiment.

Journal Information

Title

“Playing with Invisible Animals: An Interactive System of Floor-projected Footprints to Encourage Children’s Imagination”

DOI

10.1016/j.ijcci.2021.100407

Authors

Kodai Moriya, Takaya Iio, Yukiya Shingai, Tomoharu Morita, Fusako Kusunoki, Shigenori Inagaki, Hiroshi Mizoguchi

Journal

International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction